May there be Peace!

May there be Peace!

Mittwoch, 5. September 2018

What's a Quilt? Was ist ein Quilt?



A friend of mine and me are organizing an exhibition at the moment, it will take place in Berlin in mid November and will show examples of our work.
 If anyone is interested to get some details, please contact me:
MARIASmail@t-online.de


While I was collecting some things for that purpose I came across two texts I wrote some time ago which try to explain what a quilt really is. One is in English and one in German, and I am pretty sure I have put that up somewhere here earlier, but I don't know exactly at the moment where to find them, so I thought I might as well put it up here again.
Please note that these are texts written on different occasions and for different purposes, so one is not the translation of the other.

So for anyone who is interested to read a bit, I hope you like what I wrote about quilts, objects that tell so many stories:


    A Short  History  of Quilts

Well, what exactly is a quilt?
Quilts are usually known as bedcovers, but you can also find quilted wallhangings, cushions, placemats, clothes and bags for example.
The quilted bedcovers in particular are generally associated with feelings like warmth, love, friendship, trust, hope. These bedcovers are made to protect the loved ones when they are most vulnerable. In former times they were also often the only pieces of decoration in a home. Since these quilts were usually crafted by a circle of friends, neighbors or family members, then dedicated to friends and family members and passed on from generation to generation, these carefully designed and crafted bed-quilts were treasured as a memory of everyone who had worked on it or had used it in maybe hard and dangerous times.

Originally a quilt was more a sleeping bag. A quilt by definition is a "sandwich", consisting of a top layer of fabrics, sewed together with a backing layer and batting material which goes between the top and the backing. In the past, every imaginable material was used for that purpose, from corn husks to straw and raw cotton or old blankets. Quilting-stitches then beautified the object and kept the batting from shifting or becoming lumpy from use.

Historical sources mention quilts from 16th century England, but as far as I know there are no items left from that time. From what I learned from experts I can say that the first quilts which have survived until today are bed coverlets from the 17th century showing some embroidery. 
Pieced (so called "patchwork") and appliqué quilts were not very common in England before the second half of the 18th century.
The earliest pieced quilts not used as bed covers, however, date from India (6th-9th century) and from the Middle Ages in Europe (banners, clothes).

Presumably the typical pieced and stitched quilts came to England from India, Persia and China in the 17th century along with the beautifully painted Indian cotton. The typical piecing design was a central medaillon with four related corners, flower motifs and wide borders. A typical ancient Indian motif is the "tree of life", but regularly arranged design elements were also frequent.
The stitching itself was done in three different ways: 
- diagonal rows,
- following the outline of the main pattern,
- following an independent pattern.

Since the 17th century, the material of choice was cotton because it could be easily worked with, it was colorful, durable and washable. Cottons were affordable, the block style arrangement was a rational way to go. Leftovers were collected and stitched together. Gradually more sophisticated designs developed. White cotton was used to achieve a more aesthetic effect.
Towards the end of the 18th century printed fabrics came into use in England and roller printing allowed an increase of production.  Prices were reduced, cotton was more widely available which encouraged quilters to try out something new, to experiment with designs, motifs and patterns.
Around 1870 the sewing machine was invented and allowed to manufacture larger overall designs, squares, borders, the log-cabin-block and also the "crazy quilt", the ultimate in style but hardly a functional cloth. From now on a person who created a quilt also followed artistic goals.
The process of piecing, sewing and quilting a bedcover was no longer only a work of a circle of friends or family members to meet family needs; more and more quilts were made to also reflect the love and creativity of the individual artist who made it: quilts became selfportraits. Sometimes this was also an emancipatory act. Women leading a hard life of working on a farm and at home showed with their beautifully crafted quilts their knowledge, ideas, dreams, courage, perfect control, nurture, sensibility, creativity, introspection and action, an unbreakable will.

This is true for example for the famous American Amish women who created quilts in a stunning special design with unprinted cotton fabrics. Their characteristics are the special naive choice of bright, rich, contrasting colours and the delicate quilting designs which gave these Amish quilts an aura of intensity. Typical design motifs for piecing are for example the Center Diamond, Bars, the Star in some variations, Four- and Nine-patch designs, Sunshine- and- Shadow-designs, the Log Cabin, squares in the center and in the corners as well as wide, sometimes multiple borders. 

For the quilting process Amish women often used circles, fruit and plant motifs. Since Amish women were not allowed to show pride in individual creative expression because of the beliefs and the religious rules of their close-knit community, the relatively inconspicuous quilting was the tolerated opportunity to show inspiration and unconventional thinking.
The Amish had immigrated from Europe during the 18th and 19th century, mainly from Germany, and settled in Pennsylvania first and later also in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri. Amish women learned quilting in the New World from their neighbors whom they called "The English", then gradually developed their own style which mirrors certain elements of their way of living. Some people think that the extensive use of borders in the Amish quilt work represents the boundaries Amish people placed on their own lives: obedience, humility and simplicity and also resignation to God‘s will were expected from each member of the community so that a quiet contentment, "Gelassenheit und Ordnung", could arise in the community as well as in the soul and heart of each individual.
"Amish quilts are masterpieces created by deranged angels." (Jonathan Holstein, Whitney Museum of American Art)

A similar popularity and public acknowledgement have recently been achieved by the quilts of African American women. Their ancestors, most of them working in the fields, in the garden and doing household chores during slavery, like the Amish women were rooted in a strong community with the church as the center of their everyday life. But in contrast to the Amish women most African American women had an important additional source to feed their creativity: music. Many famous African American quilters, male or female, were also very good musicians and singers of spirituals for example. Their quilts also illustrate their musicality : harmonies, contrasts, rhythm, repetition, improvisation, variation on a theme..."Do it as you feel." Therefore African American quilts often show freehand quilting, lively irregularities, the embrace of imperfection and spontaneity. 

"How I start to make a quilt, all I do is start sewing, quilting, and it just comes to me....No pattern. I usually don‘t use a pattern, only my mind." (Lorraine Pettway, African American quilter) So typical African American motifs are called "checkerboard variation" or "improvisational strips" or "crazies". There are two types of African American Quilts: the bold geometric design in vivid colors or the story quilts. The use of crosses and diamonds in both types, imagined as providing protection by the representation of the four directions of life (birth, life, death, rebirth) , shows that these quilts - like all quilts - are made and used in order to provide warmth and security for the loved ones.
"When I was a child growing up in Greenville, South Carolina, and Grandmomma could not afford a blanket, she didn’t complain, and we did not freeze. Instead she took pieces of old cloth-patches – wool, silk, gaberdeen, crockersack – only patches, barely good enough to wipe off your shoes with. But they didn’t stay that way very long. With sturdy hands and a strong cord, she sewed them together into a quilt, a thing of beauty and power and culture." (Jesse Jackson, speech to the Democratic Convention in Atlanta, Georgia, on July 19, 1988)

These special elements of historical quilt-art are still being used by quilters all over the world, sometimes in regional or individual variations . In addition a quilt can now be designed as a piece of modern art, as a painting in fabrics so to speak. The art of quilting and the acknowledgement of a quilt as a work of art have widely been (re)discovered since Jonathan Holstein and others curated the famously acclaimed quilt exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York in 1971.
On that occasion David Shapiro wrote: "Here is a spirit in answer to Rimbaud‘s almost naughty call for women to be poets. They already were."

(many of these ideas did I find here: Patsy and Myron Orlofsky, Quilts in America, Abbeville Press Publishers, 1992)




Ein Quilt ...

... ist eine sehr persönliche Sache, gefertigt aus Stoffen, die mit Liebe ausgewählt und manchmal mit einer persönlicher Geschichte verbunden sind (eingearbeitete Reste von Tischdecken, Kleidungsstücken, weggelegten und liegen gebliebenen Alltagsstoffen)  –  und gedacht für sehr persönliche Zwecke:
als wärmende Decke, schmückende Kissenhülle oder ein die Blicke anziehender Wandbehang.

Ein individuell gestalteter Quilt hat eine besondere Ausstrahlung, die noch verstärkt wird durch sein Alter, seinen Gebrauch und die Weitergabe von Generation zu Generation.

Über lange Zeit hinweg war der Quilt ein wichtiger, im familiären Alltag oft benutzter Gegenstand. Er spiegelte in seiner Größe, seiner farblichen Gestaltung und seinen Mustern die Charaktere und Vorlieben, aber auch Alter, Wohnumgebung und natürliche Umwelt der Familienmitglieder. Deshalb besteht für viele Menschen der Wert eines persönlich gestalteten Quilts auch in den oft liebevollen Erinnerungen, die sich mit ihm verbinden lassen.

Das englische Wort "Quilt" kommt von dem lateinischen Wort "culcita", das "Polster", "ausgestopfter Sack" oder "Kissen" bedeutet. 
Heute bezeichnet das Wort Quilt das Ergebnis eines Prozesses, in dem drei Lagen Stoff in einer bestimmten Form gestaltet, übereinander gelegt und mit festen Stichen zusammengenäht werden. Dabei ist die oberste Lage ("Quilttop") ein "Schmuckstück", weil sie mit einem besonderen Muster, mit ausgewählten Farben und Stoffqualitäten entworfen worden ist. Die Rückseite ist zweckmäßig gestaltet, z.B. wählt man hier häufig einen warmen, flauschigen Stoff wie Flanell, wenn der Quilt als Decke dienen soll. Der in der Mitte liegende Stoff wird in Dicke und Qualität ebenfalls dem Zweck entsprechend ausgewählt.

Die Stiche, mit denen die drei Stofflagen miteinander verbunden werden, nennt man Quilting-Stiche; sie führen alles zu einer festen Einheit zusammen, geben dem Objekt den Zusammenhalt, aber auch die zusätzliche Dimension der Tiefe und damit ein besonderes "Gesicht".  

In der Gestaltung von Quilts gibt es viele Varianten und verschiedene Möglichkeiten des Designs; so findet man z.B. oft in afroamerikanischen Quilts anstelle der Quilting-Stiche Knöpfe oder Knoten, die in sehr effektvoller Weise die Stofflagen zusammen halten.

Obwohl in allen Kulturen der Welt präsent, fand das Gestalten von Quilts seinen besonderen Stellenwert in der US-amerikanischen Gesellschaft; vornehmlich hier wurden die vielen typischen Patchwork-Muster und Gestaltungstechniken entwickelt, die heute in einem einzigartigen Reichtum von gestalterischen Möglichkeiten ihren Ausdruck finden und das "Quilten" zu einer typisch amerikanischen Form der Textilkunst gemacht haben.

Der Grund hierfür liegt in der Tatsache begründet, dass namentlich in den USA dem Quilten eine besondere Rolle im Gemeinschaftsleben zukam. Die sogenannten "Quilting Bees" waren Zusammenkünfte von Frauen, die in Gemeinschaftsarbeit Quilts für Alltagszwecke, Festlichkeiten oder "Charity" gestalteten und dabei auch ihre sozialen Verbindungen knüpften und festigten. Damit bildeten sie (ähnlich wie Männer mit dem gemeinschaftlichen "Barn Raising") oftmals das Rückgrat für Familienzusammenhalt, für nachbarschaftliches Miteinander, für kirchliches Gemeindeleben, für das kulturelle und soziale Leben im Dorf oder in der Kleinstadt. Die Namen, die einzelnen Quiltmustern seit dem 18. Jahrhundert gegeben wurden, spiegeln deren enge Verbundenheit mit dem amerikanischen Alltag wieder: Log Cabin, Oregon Trail, Kansas Troubles, Bright Hopes, Hole In The Barn Door, Crosses And Losses, Flying Geese, Wandering Foot, Little Red Schoolhouse, Hands All Around, um nur einige zu nennen.

Ein "Quilting-Bee" war oft eine ganz- und mehrtägige Veranstaltung. Die Frauen versammelten sich am Morgen und brachten Stoffe und Essen mit, am Abend waren ein oder mehrere Quilts nahezu fertiggestellt. Ehemänner und Söhne erschienen am Ende des Tages, man versammelte sich um einen mit Speisen und Getränken reich gedeckten Tisch. Nach dem Essen wurde getanzt und gespielt. Am folgenden Tag vervollständigten die Frauen die Quilts mit der Anfertigung der jeweiligen "border", des Randes und der Einfassung eines Quilts.

"The Bee" ist typisch für die amerikanische Philosophie, das Praktische mit dem Kreativen, das pragmatische Herstellen eines nützlichen Gegenstandes mit Freude an der Sache, das Individuelle mit dem Gemeinschaftlichen zu verbinden. Ein in dieser Art von gemeinsamer Arbeit gestalteter Quilt übernahm zudem die Funktion, Sinnbild für Zusammenhalt und damit spirituelle Kraftquelle zu sein.

Für Frauen in solch kleinstädtischen Gemeinschaften war das gemeinschaftliche wie auch das eigenständige Gestalten eines  Quilts aber zugleich auch der oft wichtigste Ausdruck ihrer individuellen Kreativität und Gestaltungskraft. In den sogenannten Amish Communities z.B. war es Frauen aus religiösen Gründen nicht erlaubt, ihrer Individualität durch Kleidung, Wohnungsgestaltung o.ä. Ausdruck zu verleihen. Beim Quilten nun sind gerade diese Frauen durch ihre mutige Farbgebung und ideenreiche Führung der Quiltstiche berühmt geworden. Auch in anderen Gegenden Amerikas (z.B. Indiana, Pennsylvania, New England, Ohio, Kansas, Alabama, Missouri) haben Frauen besondere Quilt-Gestaltungselemente entwickelt. 

Gegenseitiger Austausch von Patchwork-Mustern für die Gestaltung des Quilttops oder für die Anordnung der Quiltstiche, später bereichert durch die typisch afroamerikanische, "jazzige"  Art der Quiltgestaltung, führten zu einer einzigartigen Vielfalt an Quilttechniken, die heute ein fester Bestandteil des Kulturgutes der USA sind. Zugleich sind sie für weibliche und inzwischen auch viele männliche Quilter auf der ganzen Welt Inspiration und Ansatz zur Weiterentwicklung.

Heute wird ein Quilt auch häufig als Kunstgegenstand gesehen, als ein "Gemälde in Stoff" sozusagen, insbesondere seit 1971 die berühmte Quiltaustellung im Whitney Museum of American Art in New York und 2002 die Ausstellung mit afroamerikanischen "Quilts of Gee's Bend" im Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, stattfanden. Mit ihnen wurde in der Öffentlichkeit das Bewusstsein dafür wieder gestärkt, dass mit einem Quilt immer eine Geschichte erzählt wird; eine Geschichte, die vom Leben, den Hoffnungen, Wünschen, der Einzigartigkeit des Quilters oder der Quiltgruppe ebenso erzählt wie von den Menschen, die den Quilt benutzen, anschauen und wertschätzen. 

(in Teilen angelehnt an: Patsy and Myron Orlofsky, Quilts in America, Abbeville Press Publishers, 1992)

Dienstag, 21. August 2018

Handmade




“It is often assumed that the chief reason for making things — furniture, clothing, toys, a garden — is to save money. There are other factors that may be of equal or greater importance: making what we need for life is a way of expressing creativity and of gaining greater confidence. Emotional security comes from providing the necessities of life in personal, meaningful ways, by our own hands or those of friends and loved ones. Another value in studying how things are made is to increase our appreciation for them as we better understand what makes them work. The knowledge that comes from shaping the things around us helps us build relationships with the world that are more intimate.”

- William Coperthwaite, A Handmade Life: In Search of Simplicity

https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/handmade



Donnerstag, 26. Juli 2018



“Mere color, unspoiled by meaning, and unallied with definite form, can speak to the soul in a thousand different ways. ”

Oscar Wilde

https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/color

Sonntag, 8. Juli 2018

Library in Summer



(bookmark with three motives, sewn and quilted by hand))


“The library in summer is the most wonderful thing because there you get books on any subject and read them each for only as long as they hold your interest, abandoning any that don't, halfway or a quarter of the way through if you like, and store up all that knowledge in the happy corners of your mind for your own self and not to show off how much you know or spit it back at your teacher on a test paper.” 

- Polly Horvarth, My One Hundred Adventures

https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/summer?page=2

Yes! Happy summer-reading everyone!


Montag, 18. Juni 2018

Symmetry





It is the harmony of the diverse parts, their symmetry, their happy balance; in a word it is all that introduces order, all that gives unity, that permits us to see clearly and to comprehend at once both the ensemble and the details. 

Henri Poincare


https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/symmetry





I love Hawaiian quilts, and I had been inspired by Hawaiian forms when I made these squares 
(9 / 10 cm,  3,5" / 3,9"). 




These forms can only be achieved when working step by step by hand, it takes a lot of patience but I love the symmetry in them, and I love to combine two colors in a way that they enter a very special dialogue, a "happy balance".





Whereas Hawaiian quilts typically feature appliquéd forms,
I also used the patchwork technique here in some squares.





I wrote some lines about Hawaiian quilts here:







I use these squares to make cards:





Samstag, 9. Juni 2018


Great things are done by a series of small things brought together.

Vincent Van Gogh


https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/together






That's what I like to do: bringing small things together to form something new.

Just now I like putting things together in a quilt in a way I haven't done it before. So I started to use hand-knitted pieces in combination with fabrics, and I think it looks quite good, and its fun also. I like the way fabric parts stabilize the knitted pieces which otherwise would be a bit shapeless in a quilt. On the other hand I feel that the knitted pieces add color and variety 
to the finished piece.






What can be seen on the pictures here are details of tops that are not finished yet, and nothing is quilted so far.

The very first time I worked this way is described here:

https://lupinequilts.blogspot.com/2018/04/a-quilt-with-knitted-parts.html



And here I tried to combine a small hand-woven piece with tiny fabric pieces to form a square which was then appliquéd to make a bookmark.







I'll experiment more with woven parts, I have to try to make it all more even...



Mittwoch, 30. Mai 2018

Chess Quilt




It's fun, it's flat, it's portable, it's a decoration for a table and at the same time an ongoing invitation to sit down and spend some lovely time with a partner and play a nice game of chess...




The three-layers-quilt is 51 x 51 cm (20"x 20"),
one field is 5,5 cm x 5,5 cm, (2,1" x 2,1"),
it is sewn and quilted by hand and it consists of light cotton fabrics.




This is another one of my board-game-quilts, the other ones being a Backgammon-Quilt, a Round-Morris-Quilt and two quilts for games with rules I invented by myself:
"With a Little Help of My Friends" and "From Color to Color".

If you are interested here are the links:








There are so many more board-games, what a lovely possibility to spend some fun-time with friends and family...

I especially love the old hand-painted board games, I showed two examples (with a link for more) here:


So beautiful! 

Have fun!






Sonntag, 13. Mai 2018

Arrangements of Small Pieces



I had been to Paris for a couple of days, and I found some very nice mosaic patterns which never fail to remind me of quilt patterns, I always stand in awe when I find these lovely arrangements of small pieces.

These first two pictures show mosaics at the wall of the former Henri-Cartier-Bresson -Museum in Montparnasse (the museum will move to the Marais quarter now).



... and this picture (and the last one here) shows a mosaic on the floor of the building where I had rented an apartment,
at  Montmartre :



.... and this is a mosaic which was mounted to the wall of a small building at Montmartre:





... and this here had been painted several times on the pavement all over Montmartre :





Sonntag, 22. April 2018




Teresa Palomo Acosta wrote a poem in 1976 with the title "My Mother Pieced Quilts",
I love it very much, here is a version on youtube:


Enjoy!


Sonntag, 8. April 2018

A Quilt with Knitted Parts



I just tried it out... and it worked!



I like how the colors of the wool (80% wool, 20% Polyamid) complement the patterns and the colors of the fabrics...




... and how the "firm" fabric pieces stabilize the "soft" knitted pieces.



It's all made by hand, and the quilting process was surprisingly easy.

However, one effect of implementing knitted parts is that the quilting stitches don't come out clearly in these parts, but that's fine I think since the color effect is meant to be the eye-candy here.



The quilt's top and back (thin corduroy) feel soft and warm, and I used a light, fluffy pure cotton fleece for the filling. The dimensions (1,40 x 1,50 m, 55" x 59") allow for multiple ways of using this quilt, it can be hung up or used as a warm cover or a cozy blanket to play on, depending on who will be the owner of the piece. This quilt is already sold so I know that it will be used as a warm blanket for a toddler to play upon. That's perfectly good, since the overall design is a playful one and all materials are pre-washed and a washing is easily and quickly done.

I had been happy to do this work and I wish the future little owner many happy cozy moments with this quilt.




Sonntag, 1. April 2018

Happy Easter!




“Would you like some warm Spring pie?
Then, take a cup of clear blue sky.
Stir in buzzes from a bee,
Add the laughter of a tree.

A dash of sunlight should suffice
To give the dew a hint of spice.
Mix with berries, plump and sweet.
Top with fluffy clouds, and eat!” 

- Paul F. Kortepeter, Holly Pond Hill: A Child's Book of Easter

https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/easter?page=5




picture found here: https://imgur.com/gallery/zfkxA



Freitag, 16. März 2018



"The eldest ones said that the laughter and tears are sewn right into the quilt, part and parcel, stitch by stitch. Emotions, experiences, heartbreak, mourning, pain and regret, stitched into the cloth,
along with happiness, satisfaction, cheer, comfort, and love.
The finished quilts were a living thing, a reflection of the spirits of its creators."

- Arlene Stafford-Wilson, Lanark County Connections -
Memories Among the Maples


https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/quilts








Donnerstag, 1. März 2018

March




"My father was often impatient during March, waiting for winter to end, the cold to ease, the sun to reappear. March was an unpredictable month, when it was never clear what might happen. Warm days raised hopes until ice and grey skies shut over the town again."     
Tracy Chevalier
www. wiseoldsayings.com/march-quotes
Stay warm and comfortable! ☺